International Conference on Entrepreneurial Competencies in a Changing World (ECCW 2020)

Guaranteed by

PaedDr. Mgr. Zdeněk Caha, Ph.D., MBA, MSc.
Prof.  Dr. Sean Patrick Sassmannshausen
Prof. Ing. Marek Vochozka, MBA, Ph.D.

 

Scientific Committee

Prof. Ing. Marek Vochozka, MBA, Ph.D.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

PaedDr. Mgr. Zdeněk Caha, Ph.D., MBA, MSc.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Corporate Strategy (CZ)

Prof.  Dr. Sean Patrick Sassmannshausen
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (DE)

Prof. Kevin P. Kearns, Ph.D.
University of Pittsburgh (USA)

Prof. Ing. Jan Váchal, CSc.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Dr. Thomas Elliot
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LUX)

Dr. Xenia Justus
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (DE)

Doc. Mehmet A. Orhan, PhD, MSc, MBA
PSB Paris School of Business (F)

Prof. John Anchor
University of Huddersfield (UK)

Prof. Dr. József Poór, DSc.
Szent István University (HUN)

Prof. Dr. Daniel Kleber, M.A., M.Sc., M.A.
MODUL University Dubai (United Arab Emirates)

Prof. dr. Vilmantė Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė
School of Economics and Management, Kaunas University of Technology (LTU)

Prof. Ing. Zuzana Dvořáková, CSc.
University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (CZ)

Dr. hab. Włodzimierz Sroka, prof. AWSB
WSB University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dąbrowa Górnicza (PL)

Assoc. prof.  Ing. Miloš Hitka, PhD.
Technical University Zvolen (SK)

Dr. Marina Shavrovskaya
Ural State University of Economics (RUS)

Mario Bogdanović, PhD, Senior research associate, College professor, MSc in Economics & MA in Economics, MA in Psychology
(Istrian University of Applied Sciences in Pula, Croatia (HRV) 
 
Dr. Anastasiya Pesha
Ural State University of Economics (RUS)

Johann Fabian Faltermeier, MBA
Ibi research an der Universität Regensburg GmbH (DE)

Dr. Koropets Olga
Ural Federal University (RUS)

Assoc. prof. PhDr. Ing. Ladislav Mura, PhD.
J. Selye University (SK)

Doc. Mgr. Jakub Soviar, PhD.
University of Žilina (SK)

Assoc. prof. Ing. Jiří Dušek, Ph.D.
The College of European and Regional Studies (CZ)

Prof. Ing. Alžbeta Kucharčíková, PhD.
University of Zilina (SK)

Assoc. prof. Ing. Jarmila Straková, Ph.D.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Ing. Petra Pártlová, Ph.D.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Ing. Marcel Kordoš, PhD.
Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín (SK)

Ing. Zuzana Rowland, MBA, PhD.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Ing. Silvia Lorincová, PhD.
Technical University Zvolen (SK)

Ing. Iveta Kmecová, PhD.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Doc. PhDr. Dagmar Weberová, Ph.D. MBA
Tomas Bata University in Zlín (CZ)

Ing. Jaromír Vrbka, MBA, PhD.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Mgr. Petr Šuleř, PhD.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Ing. Monika Březinová, Ph.D.
University of South Bohemia (CZ)

Ing. Tomáš Brabenec, Ph.D., LLM.
University of Economics, Prague (CZ)

Organizing Committee

Ing. Michal Ruschak, MBA
Ing. Vendula Velková
Ing. Petra Prášilová

International Conference on Entrepreneurial Competencies in a Changing World (ECCW 2020)

České Budějovice, Czech Republic, 19 November 2020
Z. Caha, M. Ruschak and V. Velková (Eds.)

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Full version of conference proceedings is available online at SHS Web of Conferences.

The Complexity of Relationships within Business and the Importance of Common Ground

Anna Ābeltiņa¹, Ketevan Rizhamadze²

¹EKA University of Applied Science, Rīga, LV-1019, Latvia, ²Turiba University, Riga, LV-1058, Latvia

Abstract

In today’s rapidly evolving digital and social media dominated world, traditional marketing approaches are becoming obsolete. Companies are trying to alter the workplace into a vibrant one that enhances the talent of the people and to manage complex relationships inside and outside the organization. The following paper illustrates the complexity of relationships that companies have to handle. It is argued that the embeddedness of relationships plays a crucial role, notably in the business-to-business (B2B) relationship and that finding common ground is pivotal. The nature of the research methodology adopted for this study is primarily quantitative. All analyses are based on secondary data obtained through books, articles, and publications. The findings of the research indicate that the B2B relationship is a complex and multi-layered subject. Furthermore, for conflict resolution, taking into consideration the cultural differences in the decision-making process is fundamental. The presented study is exploratory in nature and therefore cannot be generalized for the general public. The findings are important for managers and entrepreneurs who need to be aware of the complexity of the business-to-business context. Although the nature of the study is exploratory, the study is original because it highlights some vital aspects upon which managers can reflect and dwell on.    

 Keywords: B2B marketing; relationships; complexity; decision-making process; organizational structure; SMEs

Sustainability Management of Business Projects in Large Russian Companies

Svetlana Apenko¹,  Yulia Fomina¹

¹Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Faculty of Economics, Mira Avenue, 55a, 644077 Omsk, Russia

Abstract

Large companies implement their business activities in the form of projects. The problem of implementing business projects based on the concept of sustainable development is becoming more urgent. The concept assumes management of business projects in such a way that allows a balance to be struck between the economic, social and environmental interests of groups of stakeholders on an institutional basis at the current time and over the long term. However, there are currently no universal and generally accepted developments in sustainability management. This study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing and managing the sustainability of business projects that includes values, motives, and the level of maturity of sustainability. The novelty and originality of the methodology lies in the fact that it takes into account four sustainability criteria at once – economic, social, environmental and institutional. It allows the user to identify the level of sustainability, both on the basis of individual criteria and an integral indicator. It also corresponds to the current trend of studying the motives and values of implementing the concept of sustainability in projects. The proposed methodology and the test results from 36 large companies in Russia will help business project managers cope with the growing complexity of the social, environmental and economic environments. 

Keywords: business projects; sustainability assessment; sustainability management

Change Management Strategy for the Activities of Business Organizations

Irina Avdeeva¹, Tatyana Golovina1, Andrey Polyanin¹ 

¹Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, Department of Management and Public Administration, 302028 Orel, Russia 

Abstract

Within the context of modern management, business organizations need to realize that everything around them is changing: the rules of the game, the participants, the scale of activities, and the size of markets. In other words, nothing is constant. The changes may be both local and global, whereby developments may affect different fields: executive and administrative, technical and economic, social and public, informative and analytical. Managerial decisions taken inside an organization under the aforementioned conditions require sound theoretical grounds for selection in terms of potential risks and current and future economic effects. Traditionally, long-term decisions on setting goals for an activity of a business organization and determining ways to achieve them are considered within the framework of strategic planning, as a result of which a development strategy is formed. However, under current circumstances, the place and role of change management in the strategy of business organizations requires reinterpretation. The academic originality of this contribution lies in the specification of a concept for change management with regards to the activities of business organizations based on a strategic approach and adaptation to dynamically changing market conditions, including long-term planning. As part of the study, the essence of a strategic approach to change management regarding the activities of business organizations is considered, the principles of building a change management strategy are highlighted, and an algorithm for its development and implementation is proposed.

Keywords: change management, strategy, strategic management, business organizations

Motivational Factors Used to Stimulate the Creativity of Employees in Companies Operating in the Czech Republic

Miluše Balková¹, Lenka Ližbětinová¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 Česke Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

Current circumstances are forcing companies to react quickly to the changes that are taking place. Maintaining competitiveness and survival depends on adaptability and the search for innovations. The goal of modern human resource management is to stimulate employees to be creative and utilise their potential. The aim of this study is to find out what motivational factors Czech companies use to stimulate and encourage the creativity of their employees and whether the chosen factors for achieving this are related to company size.

Keywords: creativity; management; employees; motivation; HRM

Transformation of Managerial Competencies within the Context of Global Challenges

Viktoriya Bondarenko¹, Olesia Diugowanets¹, Oksana Kurei¹

¹Uzhhorod National University, Faculty of History and International Relations, Narodna Square 3, 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine

Abstract

This contribution presents an analysis of the transformational changes in the global environment on the content of modern models of managerial competencies. Theoretical approaches to the definition of managerial competencies according to international standards are studied, and on this basis a hierarchy of competencies, within the context of their acquisition through professional training, is determined. The predictions and changes in the basic competencies of managers in the near future (2025) are analysed. Sets of general managerial (organizational) competencies (hard skills) and non-specialized supra-professional competencies (soft skills) are defined and compared. Digital competences and intercultural competences are defined as conceptually new skills required by a modern effective manager. 

Keywords: management; competence; model; hard skills; soft skills

Hiring Graduates for Marketing – Advantages, Disadvantages and Competency Requirements 

Radim Dušek¹, Monika Hrubá¹, Karolína Brodská1, Petra Skálová¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Tourism and Marketing, Nemanická 436/7, 370 10 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The selection of suitable employees is becoming more and more demanding because of the increasing number of job applicants that want to get into a marketing career. The aim of this contribution is to find out which marketing competencies a competent graduate of economics should possess to be attractive for marketing related jobs in SMEs in the Region of South Bohemia, as well as to identify the positives and negatives of hiring such graduates. Based on data obtained from 93 SMEs with their own marketing department, the desired competent graduate for marketing related jobs can be described as a communicative and creative individual with the ability to analyse information. The main advantages of hiring graduates include creativity, the ability to work with modern technologies and/or enthusiasm for learning. On the other hand, a lack of experience and/or the longer training time are the main disadvantages of hiring fresh graduates for marketing-related jobs.

Keywords: competency models; marketing competencies; graduates; HR; SME

Measuring and Promoting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Entrepreneurial Competence – Implications for Education

Johann Faltermeier¹

¹ⁱbi research an der Universität Regensburg GmbH, Galgenbergstraße 25, 93053 Regensburg, Germany 

Abstract

The questionnaire “Entrepreneurial Competence” (developed as part of the author’s dissertation) can be used in practice, but above all also for the measurement of entrepreneurial intentions and competence within (higher) education. Data were collected in two periods at both universities, OTH Regensburg and VŠTE Budweis, for the underlying descriptive evaluation in the field of higher education. This study provides information on the entrepreneurial environment, but also on the students’ entrepreneurial competence. At the two universities, 153 students have already taken part in an entrepreneurship course. The environment at both institutes is rated as above-average. The entrepreneurial intention is also clearly visible at the institutes and is significantly higher in the second survey. In the area of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, the second survey revealed higher levels than at the time of the first initial measurement. In order to be able to better adapt the teaching to the entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial competence of students in the future, the increasing use of activating elements within entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship education is recommended. Planning, role-play, case studies and project work, for instance, contribute to the targeted, group-specific and differentiated competence-based promotion of potential entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. To achieve this, the initial measurement of entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial competence is therefore essential.

Keywords: entrepreneurial competence; entrepreneurial education; entrepreneurship; intrapreneurship

Self-determination Theory as Mediator in the Nexus of Gamification and Customer Purchasing Behaviour

Lubica Gajanova¹, Mladen Radišić²

¹Department of Economics, The Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovakia; ²Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 210 00 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract

Gamification in marketing can be understood as the use of game mechanisms to motivate customers and encourage them to behave in a specific way and interact in some activities or communities in order to increase their satisfaction, loyalty and commitment, thereby contributing to brand building. There are many foreign works confirming the benefits of gamification. However, there is an absence of any known studies explicitly conducted into gamification within a marketing context in the Slovak Republic. This paper therefore attempts to address this kind of research gap and answer the question of whether gamification is a more effective form of promotion for improving the purchasing behaviour of customers in Slovakia. The results of the research confirm that gamification as part of sales promotion has a positive effect on the purchasing behaviour, search intentions and attitudes of Slovak customers. The results also indicate the positive mediation role of motivation based theory related to gamification and customer purchasing behaviour.

Keywords: gamification; motivation; self-determination theory; purchasing behaviour

Inclusive Growth and International Labour Migration

Sergey Chepel¹ , Evgenia Tukhtarova^2,3, Natalia Neklyudova²

¹Institute for Forecasting and Macroeconomic Research, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; ²Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; ³Ural State Economic University, Russia

Abstract

This contribution presents the results of an econometric analysis of the interconnections between migration, economic diversification, the quality of state institutions and other qualitative characteristics of economic growth that have developed in developing countries of the world over the past two decades. The study highlighted the most important factors that contribute to the creation of conditions and prerequisites for the inclusive development of the economy. The analysis showed that among other factors, the most important are the quality of state institutions, technological development, which creates the conditions for investing in human capital. The study also made it possible to determine thresholds for these factors as guidelines for the transition of the CIS countries to the inclusive development of their economies and to limit disordered labour migration. Another important result of the study is the fact that large-scale and poorly controlled migration is acting like a brake on the sustainable development of the whole post-Soviet space. To overcome this process, it is necessary to create large-scale joint integration, knowledge-based and technological projects that will not only reduce the scale of migration to Russia, but also contribute to increasing human capital in the CIS countries and to the creation of knowledge-based jobs in their labour markets. 

Key words: labour migration; inclusive growth; income inequality; technological development; state institutions; human capital

Analysis of Change in the Corporate Sphere of the Czech Republic

Tsolmon Jambal¹, Jaroslav Stuchlý¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

This contribution presents research into the changes taking place in companies in the Czech Republic. The aim was to determine whether companies in the Czech Republic are undergoing fundamental changes, what influences are forcing them to change, and whether managers prefer radical changes to incremental improvements. The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey, which consisted of four sections and 60 questions, conducted by teachers and students of VSTE in České Budějovice in 2019. The article analyses the characteristics of the selected statements and examines the interdependencies between the variables, including the dependence on the identified identification variables. 

Keywords: change, radical change, incremental improvement, urgency of change, influence of surroundings

Relationship Between Organizational Culture, Employee Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

Sarantuya Jigjiddorj¹, Altanchimeg Zanabazar¹, Tsolmon Jambal² , Buyankhishig Semjid³

1National University of Mongolia, Business School, Management Department, Mongolia; 2Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Management, Nemanická 536/7, 370 01 Česke Budejovice, Czech Republic; 3National University of Mongolia, Business School, Management Department, Mongolia

Abstract

Organizational culture is an important human resource management issue that affects the success and sustainability of a company. In organizational settings, culture describes what is unique about an organization, as expressed by the shared beliefs and values established by the founders and communicated through different ways. This shapes employees´ perceptions and behaviour, as well as the principles that apply to members of an organization.
Job satisfaction refers to an employee´s feelings about their job and is frequently studied in relation to organizational culture and other variables, such as job commitment, performance and organizational commitment.
Organizational commitment refers to whether an employee wishes to continue working for an organization or leave it. Employees tend to be attracted to those organizations with a culture that values their work and focuses on organizational wellbeing. There is a positive relationship between organizational culture, job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of employees.

Keywords: Organizational culture; job satisfaction; organizational commitment; case study 

Academic Entrepreneurship Education: Does Gender Matter?

Xenia Justus¹

¹Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Human Resources Department, Department of Personnel Development, Prüfeninger Str. 58, 93049 Regensburg, Germany 

Abstract

Academic entrepreneurship education aims to train and raise awareness amongst students about entrepreneurial activity, thereby increasing the number of academic start-ups and spin-offs. However, as yet, there are very few findings on the gender-specific differences amongst potential entrepreneurs. Building on the current state of research, gender-specific differences in the form of various different components of entrepreneurial competence are examined. This study focuses in particular on (1) entrepreneurial knowledge, (2) domain-specific interest in entrepreneurship, (3) interest in leadership roles, and (4) entrepreneurial and (5) intrapreneurial intention. Based on an online survey of 281 students of a German and Czech university, the mean differences show that there are statistically significant lower values for female students than for male students for all the variables investigated, that is with exception to intrapreneurial intention. These findings underline the need for targeted promotion of female entrepreneurship within the context of academic entrepreneurship education.

Keywords: female entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship education; gender research; entrepreneurial competence; interest in entrepreneurship; leadership role 

Evaluation of the Level of Use of Motivational Factors in SMEs According to Selected Criteria

Iveta Kmecová¹, Michal Tlustý¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The research presented in this contribution is an analysis of the level of use of motivational factors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in terms of three criteria, as selected by the authors. The primary goal was to draw conclusions on the basis of the formulated hypotheses concerning the degree of use of motivational factors by SMEs. The literature review outlines the issue of work motivation and motivational factors. The practical part of the contribution presents the course of the specific calculations and the evaluation of the hypotheses. The primary data were obtained using the SAAPM questionnaire, which was created as part of a project by the Slovak Academic Association for Personnel Management (SAAPM). The data are evaluated using the one-sample t-test statistical method. The research sample consists of a total of 610 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic.

Keywords: motivation; work motivation; motivational tools; small and medium enterprises (SMEs); one-sample t-test
 

Comparison of Value Added within EU in Terms of Corporate Investment in Research and Development

Yaroslava Kostiu^k1, Kristína Korená¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okruzni 517/10, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

Globalization has accelerated the growth of innovation in many countries outside the European Union. In order to remain competitive, companies and individual EU economies therefore support the development of innovations through investments in research and development.      
This contribution is focused on the specification of value added in terms of investments in research and development in the construction and manufacturing sectors. Using statistics of the European Commission for the period 2013 – 2017, a dataset of 269,892 companies in the EU28 countries was generated.
The purpose of this contribution is to determine to what extent investment in research and development participates in the creation of value added. A research question was formulated to determine the ideal ratio between value added and investment.  
Methods: To achieve the objectives set, regression analysis of neural networks was applied using Statistica software. 
The results of the research indicate that the optimal values in the construction sector were achieved by Great Britain (~EUR 11.3 billion.) and France (~EUR 16.1 billion), and in the manufacturing sector by France (~EUR 11.42 billion), Italy (~EUR 11.41 billion) and Great Britain (~EUR 10.6 billion).
The authors consider the method of regression analysis and neural networks to be appropriate for examining the optimal ratio between investment in R&D and value added. 

Keywords: value added; investment; research and development 

Process Model of the Economic Efficiency of the Financial Administration of an EU Member State

Sebastian Kot¹, Ján Dobrovič²

¹The Management Faculty, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19B, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland; ²Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Management, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The current reform of Slovakia´s tax system is a part of the country´s comprehensive tax and levies reform. The reform should contribute to improving and making public finances more efficient. However, its implementation in practice is problematic due to the attitudes and problems of both the professional public and business entities. The aim of this contribution is to help students and business entities to understand the tax system reforms. The contribution is based on information from the main actors of the tax reforms. The data were obtained during 3 months (2019 – 2020) using the questionnaire method. These were processed using basic statistical methods of the descriptive type, followed by an analysis of the principal factors and factor analysis. The factor analysis was crucial for our contribution because it identified 5 significant indicators with regards to the assessment of the reforms and the functioning of the tax system. Subsequently, 
a correspondence analysis was conducted of the factor ‟Electronisation/computerisation - greater user comfort” to find out the differences in the perception hereof among the respondents. The contribution therefore provides a new perspective on the evaluation and functioning of the reforms of the Financial Administration’s management system in the Slovak Republic.
Within the framework of the research into this matter, and with a view to increasing the efficiency of the system globally, we also looked at the existing functional organizational structures and tax administration systems in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovenia. On the basis of trend analysis, we can assume that the upcoming reform of the Tax and Customs Administrations will significantly contribute to the increasing efficiency of the system and to the positive perception of taxes, which are currently viewed as a socially unpopular obligation.

Keywords: tax system reform; financial administration; taxes; factor analysis; principal components

Human Capital Management and Industry 4.0

Alžbeta Kucharčíková¹, Martin Mičiak¹, Aneta Bartošová¹, Monika Budzeľová¹, Simona Bugajová¹, Alžbeta Maslíková¹, Simona Pisoňová¹

¹Department of Macro and Microeconomics, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26, Žilina, Slovak Republic

Abstract

Human capital (HC) is considered to be an important factor influencing the success of. The concept of human capital management (HCM) deals with the effectiveness of human capital, as the most precious intangible asset. However, with the advancement in technology and the introduction of Industry 4.0, the position of human capital in companies can alter with regard to the expected changes. On the other hand, new elements being brought in by Industry 4.0 will allow for the HCM process to be performed better, in favour of the improvement in the performance and competitiveness of companies. The aim of this article is to point out the interconnection between the concept of HCM and some elements of Industry 4.0, as well as to explain the findings from a questionnaire survey focused on how IT companies in Slovakia use information systems for the implementation of HCM, whether these systems enable them to analyse data related to HC, and whether these companies are prepared for the introduction of changes in this field in the future.

Keywords: human capital management; Industry 4.0; information systems; digitization; big data

Comprehensive Concept Model for Management Auditing in SMEs 

Romana Kušnirová¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okruzni 517/10, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The aim of this contribution is to present managers and owners of SMEs with a comprehensive concept for the preparation and implementation of a systemic approach to management auditing. The concept is presented in the form of a model called the "Systemic Approach to Management Audits", as developed by the author. The principle behind the model is to conduct individual audit activities according to a predetermined order, as represented by a sub-model called "Advised Activities during Management Audits". The model, or the application of a purposeful, standardized and, above all, systemic approach, was compiled on the basis of a two-phase questionnaire survey conducted in 2015/2016 and 2018/2019 among managers of SMEs, as well as guided interviews with professional auditors. The partial aim is to also highlight the relatively poor knowledge and implementation of management auditing in SMEs, and to encourage the use of the presented methodology by them.

Keywords: SME; management audit; management audit phase; audited areas; management auditing activities; systemic approach

An Analysis of Products Communicated on Instagram by the Most followed Czech Influencers 

Kateřina Kvěchová¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Tourism and Marketing, Nemanická 436/7, 370 10 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The aim of this contribution is to determine and analyse the types of products the five most followed Instagram influencers in the Czech Republic promoted during the period September 2019 - September 2020. The most followed influencers in 2020 were identified on the basis of the highest number of followers (Leoš Mareš, Petr Čech, Jirka Král, Karolina Kurková and Anna Šulcová). The next step was to calculate the frequency of product-related posts by each influencer according to the individual product types. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the most frequent product-related posts are associated with clothing and accessories, followed by magazines, cosmetics, e-shops, sports, travel, culture, children's goods or restaurants.

Keywords: influencer marketing; influencer; product-related posts; communication; Instagram

Economic Growth, Investment, Population Growth and Unemployment in Ethiopia

Betgilu Oshora¹, Tiblets Nguse¹, Maria Fekete-Farkas², Zoltan Zeman²

¹Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Science, Szent István University, 1 Páter K. Str., Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary; ²Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Szent István University 1 Páter K. Str., Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary

Abstract

The study examines the correlation between economic growth, investment, population growth and unemployment in Ethiopia. For the purposes of this study, secondary time series data collected from the National Bank of Ethiopia, IMF and World Bank databases were used. The study extracts the perceived relationship between the variables through principal component (PCA) analysis. Both the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were used to determine the appropriateness of the dataset for PCA. The results revealed that an increase in unemployment is positively correlated, but in the opposite direction to economic growth, investment, total population and the working-age population. On top of the rapid spread of COVID-19, the present protests as a result of the political instability and ethnic problems across the country will lead to an increase in unemployment and the loss of many lives. Policymakers therefore need to emphasize and assure an increase in economic growth and investment in order to create more jobs in line with the increasing demand for jobs, particularly by young people. Moreover, the government must address the ongoing ethnic problems and political instability before it hits the economy adversely.        

Keywords: COVID-19; Ethiopia; economic growth; population growth, investment, unemployment

Influence and Intensity of Exogenous Factors on the Development and Stability of Rural Areas

Petra Pártlová¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Department of Management, Okružní 517/10, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

This contribution focuses on the issue of the influence and intensity of exogenous factors on the development and stability of rural areas. The results are presented at two levels. The first reflects the monitoring of the influence of external factors on the external environment of companies, i.e. those factors which they have limited possibilities to influence, and how to eliminate the potential negative impacts thereof. The second provides information on the results and evaluation of four basic parameters in the field of knowledge skills, namely contenders, competition, coordination and cooperation. The evaluation of the goals set are based on the results of a questionnaire survey, supplemented by controlled interviews with business managers and the managements of local action groups (LAGs) in the Region of South Bohemia. The created database is analysed using the method of content analysis and the simultaneous use of statistical methods. The main outputs of the solution determine the significance and strength of the external environment on companies, which is mostly influenced by competitors, suppliers, customers and business partners. In contrast, universities and research institutes do not have a significant impact on the business environment. Similar results apply to LAGs, where in most cases the LAGs cooperate with each other and are not considered competitors, thereby also reporting good cooperation with towns, micro-regions and the regional authorities of South Bohemia. In contrast, LAGs reported none or poor cooperation with the National Network of LAGs and ministries.

Keywords: external factors; companies; LAG; actors; rural areas
 

Comparative Analysis of the Level of Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies among Students in Russia and the Czech Republic

Anastasiya Pesha¹, Marina Shavrovskaya¹, Zdeněk Caha²

¹ Ural State University of Economics, Department of Labour Economics and HR Management, 8 Marta 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia; ² Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Nemanická 7, 37010 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The role of universities in the development of entrepreneurship is increasing. Within this context, universities are introducing specialized programs and disciplines aimed at developing students’ innovative and entrepreneurial competencies. This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the level of development of students’ entrepreneurial competencies in Russia and the Czech Republic. To implement the key task, the authors analysed approaches to the classification of entrepreneurial competencies. On the basis of relevance and objectivity, the authors selected the EntreComp classification from 2016, which subsequently formed the basis for the developed methodological tools for the empirical research. The method was tested in three universities in the Russian Federation and one in the Czech Republic. The total number of participants was 436. The results of the analysis of the entrepreneurial competencies revealed significant statistical differences between the respondents from the two countries for 10 out of 15 evaluated competencies. At the same time, 68% of respondents in the Russian Federation and 64% in the Czech Republic were found to have an advanced level of development of one entrepreneurial competence. This fact is indicative of the similarity of the vast majority of the final results for the respondents from both countries and confirms the hypothesis that most students participating in the test did not have a lower than average level of competence development. The results of the study may be of interest to scientists and practitioners who study the assessment and development of entrepreneurial competencies in students and specialists. 

Keywords: entrepreneurial competence; higher education; students; supra-professional competencies

Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies of Employees within the Framework of internal Entrepreneurship Programs in the Region

Anastasiya Pesha1, Marina Shavrovskaya¹, Oksana Borodina ²

¹ Ural State University of economics, Department of labour economics and HR management, 8 Marta 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia; ² Omsk State University, Department of Regional Economics and Human Resource Management, Mira Avenue, 55-A, 644077 Omsk, Russia

Abstract

The global economic environment is becoming more active and complex. Technological and social changes affect the internal processes of companies associated with the diversification of production, the introduction of new lines of products and services, the modernization of business processes. In this article, the authors present the results of a study into the ways ten large industrial companies (fuel, chemical and petrochemical, food industry, defence industry and agricultural technology) in the Omsk region develop domestic internal entrepreneurship. As a result of narrative interviews with HR directors of the selected companies, the authors formulated two approaches to the development of internal entrepreneurship. The first method is based on the development of a creative environment that stimulates the generation of initiatives to improve business. The second method involves companies implementing business projects through employee development programs. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are subsequently highlighted. The conclusions draw attention to the problems of the development of internal entrepreneurship within large industrial companies and the need to create a special environment and infrastructure to promote the business initiatives of employees.

Keywords: entrepreneurial competencies; internal entrepreneurship; personnel; bank of ideas; innovation

Analysis of E-Consumer Behaviour – Selected Findings from an Analysis of Czech E-Shops and their Customers during the Global Pandemic

Frantisek Pollak¹, Michal Konecny¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okruzni 517/10, 37001 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

The study presented in this contribution deals with the issue of using modern methods of data collection for the purposes of analysing consumer behaviour. Professional literature as well as business practice offer us an enormous number of approaches, traditional or innovative, with which it is possible to obtain and then evaluate data in order to understand specific patterns of consumer behaviour. Following on from our previous research in the field, we have applied a method of collecting and evaluating customers 
e-data in real time. As a source of data, we used the virtual social network Facebook. As a sample we selected customers of the five largest e-shops operated in the Czech Republic. On a sample of more than one and a half million users we monitored the B2C communication of e-shops and subsequently the C2B Facebook interaction of their customers during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the observed period we analysed hundreds of thousands of interactions and then outlined basic trends and specific characteristics of consumer behaviour suitable for further research. The selected findings resulting from the implemented analyses contribute to the creation of a knowledge base of a qualitative nature, which can help to define research goals in the future process of examining the effects of the pandemic on various aspects of business.

Keywords: e-commerce; Facebook; COVID-19; customer interactions; consumer behaviour; lockdown; pandemic

Innovations in the Management of E-Commerce Entities Operating on the Slovak Market – Analysis of Customer Interactions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Frantisek Pollak¹, Bozka Malinak², Peter Markovic³, Robert Vilagi³

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okružní 517/10, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; ²Acuity Engineering & Consulting Service Ltd, 10327 122 St NW, T5N1M1 Edmonton AB, Canada; ³University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Business Management, Department of Business Finance, Dolnozemská cesta 1/b, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract

This paper deals with the issue of innovation in e-commerce, specifically with the application of innovative methods of evaluating customer interactions in the environment of the virtual social network Facebook. The first part presents the results of desk research on the issue of the utilization of virtual social media Facebook in e-commerce in order to approach the knowledge base of the analysed issues. The aim of the second part of the study presented in the paper was to describe and evaluate the activities of customer groups of the five largest e-commerce entities operating in the Slovak virtual market. The data needed for the analysis were collected during the state of emergency declared in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. From the point of view of findings, the initial trends in the customers interactions were declining online activity over the weekend and an increase in online activity at the beginning of the working week. In general, it can be stated that data were analysed in a highly non-standard market situation. With respect to the social media e-communication of selected e-commerce entities, it was possible to outline specific patterns of consumer behaviour. As a result, it was possible to create a qualitative knowledge base for further research into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on national and international economies, for both economics and management sciences.

Keywords: facebook; e-commerce; COVID-19; customer interactions; customer behaviour; lockdown; Slovakia; pandemic

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Rural Areas of the Czech Republic and Their Approach to Management Auditing

Daniel Raušer¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Nemanická 436/7, 37010 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

Regarding small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their conditions in the present business environment, it is determinative for them to be prosperous and ambitious. In order to achieve their defined goals, such enterprises are advised to conduct periodical marketing environmental analyses and various audits. However, an audit process that examines overall enterprise management and measures its performance, i.e. management auditing, tends to be overlooked at times or mistaken for other activities. Related research involving Czech SMEs located in rural areas and operating in diverse industries discovered that management audit process capabilities, specifically in terms of organization and resources, are not fully utilized resulting in the enterprises´ lower competitiveness. In connection with broader assessment of enterprise management systems, the objective of this paper consists in introducing a particular sub-model titled "Comprehensive and Individual Resource Analysis", which finalizes the previously developed and published “Two-Stage 7S Evaluation Model” [1]. Implementing the eventually completed model of management auditing on a regular basis would allow the SMEs to remove faults (and raise efficiencies) in their management processes, and enhance their enterprise value in the domestic and international markets.

Keywords: management auditing; small and medium-sized enterprises; rural areas; comprehensive and individual resource analysis; management system evaluation

Formation of Entrepreneurial Skills in Students in a Changing World

Maryna Salun¹, Kateryna Zaslavska², Radka Vaníčková³, Kristýna Šindelková³

¹Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Economy and Law Faculty, Nauky avenu 9a, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine; ²Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Management and Marketing Faculty, Nauky avenue 9a, 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine; ³Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Management, Nemanická 536/7, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

In today's global world, a number of concepts exist for the typology of a manager's personality. The personality of a manager is evident through their daily practical actions and the degree of validity thereof. The entrepreneurial skills of students is related to whether they view entrepreneurship as a career alternative. The purpose of educating successful managers is to enable them to apply and implement the principles of managerial skills in business practice. This includes the fulfilment of managerial roles and the use of basic tools to accomplish this, the principles of coaching, the creation and effective management of work teams, and knowledge of HRM techniques such as brainstorming. The aforementioned is based on the assumption that the desired result can be effectuated by one factor, but also by a combination of several factors. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was therefore applied to the demands for entrepreneurial skills on the labour market and the presence of this issue in the curricula of Ukrainian universities.

Keywords: entrepreneurial hard skills; entrepreneurial soft skills; entrepreneurial competencies; entrepreneurial education; start-ups

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on the Performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

Gemechu Abdissa Shuremo¹, Csaba Bálint Illés¹, Anna Törőné Dunay¹

¹Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Szent István University 1 Páter K. Str., Gödöllő, 2100, Hungar

Abstract

Entrepreneurial marketing is a non-conventional marketing technique that provides business owners a method to successfully operate their business with limited resources. The main objective of this study is to therefore investigate whether entrepreneurial marketing can affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Ethiopia, specifically in the city of Jimma. A purposive sampling technique was employed to gather data from 100 business owners that have been on market for more than 7 years. The data were analysed using Minitab and SPSS statistical software packages. The study showed that some elements of entrepreneurial marketing indeed affect the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. Innovation orientation and customer intensity have a positive relationship with the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises and are statistically significant, while risk-taking orientation has a negative relationship and is statistically significant. It is therefore recommended that business owners apply the concept of entrepreneurial marketing to leverage their limited resources to cope with competitors and maintain the sustainability of their business.

Keywords: entrepreneurial marketing; sustainability; performance; small and medium-sized enterprises

Analytic Hierarchy Process in Multiple–Criteria Decision–Making: A Model Example 

Anna Siekelova¹, Ivana Podhorska¹, Jorma J. Imppola²

¹ University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia; ² Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Business and Culture, P. O. Box 412, FI-65101, Seinäjoki, Finland

Abstract

Managers have to make decisions several times a day. The decision-making process can be defined as an essential activity realized by managers every day. Decisions can be implemented intuitively, or by using relevant decision-making methods. This depends on the nature of the decision, as well as the intensity of its possible future effects. The theory of decision-making can be defined as a relatively young discipline. It can be stated that decision-making is no longer an intuitive process. Most decision-making situations are of a multiple criteria character. In this contribution, the authors focus on multiple-criteria decision-making, to which several methods can be applied. In the practical part, the authors use Saaty's method, also known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Saaty is considered to be the most important researcher dealing with the issue of multiple-criteria decision-making. The set multiple-criteria decision-making problem was to choose one business partner out of eight under consideration. The decision-making criteria included selected financial indicators and non-financial criteria. The aim of the contribution is to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to assess potential business partners and to select an optimal candidate.

Keywords: multiple criteria; decision-making; Analytic Hierarchy Process; AHP

Assessment of Conflict Resolution Training at University

Nadezhda Sivrikova¹, Tatyana Ptashko¹, Elena Chernikova¹, Artem Perebeynos1, Vitaly Kharlanov² 

¹ South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Department of Social Work, Pedagogy and Psychology, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Lenin prospect 69, Russia; ² South Ural State University, Legal institute, Department of Theory of State and Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Lenin prospect 76, Russia

Abstract

The growth of conflicts in a changing world makes conflict resolution competence an important component of entrepreneurial competencies. Higher education should empower students to effectively prevent and resolve conflicts. The problem of assessing the educational process in the field of conflict resolution training and the result of this training is discussed in this article. The authors cite the results of an empirical study, the purpose of which was to determine the needs of students of the State University (Chelyabinsk, Russia) with regards to conflict management preparation. The survey relied on an analysis of the self-assessment of students´ own skills and commitment to the principles of tolerance, an assessment of the educational process, and the need to increase their own conflict management competence. 152 students of the State University took part in the survey, of which 63 were male and 89 female. The Likert scale was used. The results of the study showed that students assess the level of their own conflict resolution competence as high, as do they the educational process at the university. The limitations of the study are discussed at the end of the article.

Keywords: conflict resolution competence, higher education, conflict management, conflict resolution training, entrepreneurial competencies

Legal Issues of Teleworking

Pavel Sládek¹, Tomáš  Sigmund²

¹ Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Okružní 517/10, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; ² Prague University of Economy and Management, Department of Systems Analysis, W. Churchill Sq 1938-4, Prague 13067 3, Czech Republic

Abstract

Teleworking is a specific type of work where the employee works outside their usual place of work. A characteristic of this activity is the reduction of the need to commute to their employer's workplace and the performance of work during fixed working hours. The following prerequisites are important for real telework: a computer. The worker is in a different place than the employer or the customer. Communication takes place at a distance via telecommunication networks. Instead of a fixed time regime, teleworking allows the employee to individually optimize the performance of their work according to their own needs in terms of time and place (the workplace is most often home). We use the method of identification, analysis, comparison and synthesis of various legal regulations for teleworking all around the world. In teleworking, the powers of the employer and its employees are not equal. That is why it is necessary to create national laws that will better protect the rights of teleworkers. 

Keywords: teleworking; home office; homeworking; European Framework Agreement on Telework; telecommunication networks 

Current Managerial Competencies in Strategic Management and Decision-Making in the Czech Republic

Jarmila Straková¹, Jan Váchal¹, Filip Čaniga¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Department of Management, Okružní 517/10, 37001 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

Despite the increasingly strong paradigm of management, which is especially visible in the corporate management sector, there have been changes in the perception of strategic management and decision-making. An important indicator of this process is the level or the application of managerial competencies in practice. Extensive research, which was started by the Department of Management of the Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice in 2016, and is still going on, has shown the lack of literacy of managers in this field, especially in the case of older managers. From the perspective of objective scientific knowledge, it can be stated that in scientific and research terms, there is a significant deficit in the corporate sector; the transfer of new knowledge in practice is stagnant or non-existent. This makes the situation all the more urgent, as managers who possess knowledge of this issue consider their knowledge to be obsolete and only partly applicable in terms of their needs for business management. The basic prerequisite to remedy this unfavourable situation consists in knowing the actual situation of individual companies of various sizes and the sectors of the national economy. The submitted contribution presents partial results in terms of the knowledge and application of internal and external strategic analyses by companies operating in the Czech Republic. The research included a set of 456 companies from the entire Czech Republic (109 micro-companies, 140 small companies, 124 medium-sized companies, and 83 large companies).  The results revealed a critical state in terms of managerial competencies and skills in companies in the Czech Republic concerning the knowledge and application of strategic situation analysis methods. More than 50% of managers appeared to have only minimum knowledge of this issue. 

Keywords: managerial competencies; strategic management; strategic decision-making; strategic analyses

Smart Innovations as Accelerators for SMEs in Rural Areas

Dominika Šulyová¹,  Marie Gabryšová², Josef Vodák¹

1University of Žilina, Faculty of Management and Informatics, Univerzitná 8215/1 Žilina, Slovak Republic; 2Katowice Business University, ul. Harcerzy-Wrzesnia 3, Katowice, Poland

Abstract

Innovative approaches are driving the stabilization, development, and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The introduction of smart concepts has a favourable impact on their activities. At present, urban areas and urban projects are more preferred and supported. The importance and benefits of rural areas and SMEs' engagement therein is underestimated in terms of country development at the European level. This contribution aims to point out innovative approaches that contribute to the development of SMEs and smart cities or regions using best practice examples from abroad with a focus on specific rural areas in the Czech Republic—where this issue is gaining momentum. The analysis of best practice examples and expert opinions in this field was used to make comparisons and to summarise the knowledge gained. This contribution also serves as a basis for mapping the factors that can support regional development and growth, as well as provides recommendations for future follow-ups and new concepts for the coming years in Czech rural areas, or areas that are culturally similar, such as Slovak rural areas. 

Keywords: Smart cities; SMEs; accelerators; rural areas; Czech Republic 

Events as an Effective Marketing Communication Tool

Martin Vítek¹

¹Institute of Technology and Business, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Department of Tourism and Marketing, Nemanická 436/7, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Abstract

A brewery wanted to know how a new beer they were launching would be received by consumers. It was therefore decided to organize an event during which the author of this contribution conducted research. The aim of the research was to find out whether the new product, a low alcohol beer, will attract consumers with its taste, whether its price was set correctly, and whether the targeting and marketing communication tools used were appropriate. The results of the research confirmed that the taste of the new product as well as its price corresponded to the imagination of consumers and that the communication mix was appropriate, but required adjustment to make it even more precise.

Keywords: event; event marketing; marketing communication; new product; communication mix

The Push and Pull Factors Affecting the Migration of Mongolians to the Republic of South Korea

Altanchimeg Zanabazar¹, Nam Son Kho^2, Sarantuya Jigjiddorj¹

¹National University of Mongolia, Business School, Mongolia; ²Mokpo National University, Business School, South Korea

Abstract

Migration, which is a rational labour issue within society, has become a hot topic globally. In recent years there has been an increase in labour migration due to globalization, disparities in the development levels of countries, culture and environment, social instability, political regimes and war. 
The objective of the presented study was to research the push & pull factors affecting the migration of Mongolians to the Republic of South Korea. The survey was conducted among 498 Mongolians living and working in the Jeollanamеdu and Jeollabugdu districts of the metropolitan cities of Incheon and Ulsan, as well as in the capital city Seoul. 
Numerous statistical techniques were applied to test the reliability and validity of the data, as well as factor analysis to confirm that the concepts of each variable were correctly measured, correlation analysis to assess the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and multiple regression analysis to predict the value of variables used in the study. 
The results of the study showed that the major push factor was an economic one, for which the main motives for migration were low or instable income, the economic downturn and poverty. Likewise, the pull factors were also economic, whereby the motivation to migrate to South Korea was driven by high wages, wellbeing, the opportunity to save and/ or social factors, such as access to quality education, the cultural experience and joining family members who had already settled in the country. 

Keywords: Migration; pull factor; push factor; employee turnover
 

Programme - online via ZOOM

19 November 2020

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Section 1 – Stabilization and development of SME in rural areas

9:00
Official launch
prof. Ing Jan Váchal, CSc. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

9:15
Economic and financial management and administration, regulation of financial flows 
prof. Ing. Marek Vochozka, MBA, Ph.D. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

9:30
Strategic management and decision making
doc. Ing. Jarmila Straková, Ph.D. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

9:45
Internal and external innovation activities, innovation management and controlling
Ing. Radka Vaníčková, Ph.D. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

10:00
Specifics and key requirements of SME personnel management
PaedDr. Mgr. Zdeněk Caha, Ph.D., MBA, MSc. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

10:15
Legislative-legal basis, administration
Ing. Iveta Kmecová, Ph.D. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

10:30
Rural environment - a base for SMEs in the Czech Republic
Ing. Petra Pártlová, Ph.D. (Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice)

11:00
Presentations of project partners, application guarantors and other conference participants

Brno University of Technology
Association of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Crafts of the Czech Republic
Research Institute for Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Regional Association of Local Action Group of the South Bohemian Region

12:00 Break

 
Section 2 - Support for start-up entrepreneurs and current trends strengthening the competitiveness of business entities 

12:30
Official launch
Prof.  Dr. Sean Patrick Sassmannshausen
PaedDr. Mgr. Zdeněk Caha, Ph.D., MBA, MSc., prof. Ing. Jan Váchal, CSc.

12:45
Comparative analysis of the level of development of entrepreneurial competencies among students in Russia and the Czech Republic
Marina Shavrovskaya (Ural State University of Economics, Russia)

13:00
Development of personnel entrepreneurial competencies in the framework of internal entrepreneurship programs in the region
Anastasiya Pesha (Ural State University of Economics, Russia)

13:15
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Marketing on Small and Medium Enterprise Performance
Gemechu Abdissa Shuremo (Szent István University, Hungary)

13:30
Economic Growth, Investment, Population Growth, and Unemployment in case of Ethiopia
Betgilu Oshora (Szent István University, Hungary)

13:45
Innovations in the management of e-commerce entities operating on the Slovak market - analysis of customer interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Robert Vilagi (University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia)

14:00
Analysis of e-consumer behaviour - selected findings from the analysis of Czech e-shops and their customers in times of global pandemic
Michal Konecny (Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic)

14:15
Evaluation of using motivational factors in SMEs according to selected criteria
Iveta Kmecova, Michal Tlusty (Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic)

14:30
Change management strategy in the activities of business organisations
Irina Avdeeva (Central Russian Institute of Management, Russia)

14:45
Smart Innovations Acting as Accelerator for SMEs in Rural Areas
Dominika Sulyova (University of Žilina, Slovakia)

15:00
Inclusive growth and international labour migration
Natalia Neklyudova (Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia)

15:15
The complexity of relationships within business and the importance of common ground
Ketevan Rizhamadze (Turiba University, Latvia)

15:30
Assessment of conflict resolution training at university
Nadezhda Sivrikova (South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Russia)

15:45 - Final discussion

16:30 - End of the conference