Entrepreneurial Competencies and Human Resource Management in the 21st Century 2019

The second conference on 4 and 5 April 2019 on the campus of the Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule in Regensburg. The main motto of the conference was "Entrepreneurship & Intrapreneurship: Same or Different?". Conference participants had the opportunity to exchange experiences with the support of entrepreneurial thinking and acting. Although the study of entrepreneurial activities goes back a long way, from the point of view of science, entrepreneurship research can still be considered a young discipline whose interconnection with other fields includes a wide field of research. In the light of the pressure of innovation and the impending breakthrough of structures, "entrepreneurship in business" (short intrapreneurship) is gaining more and more importance. For this sub-discipline, the object of research in the field of entrepreneurship (entrepreneurs) becomes workers with entrepreneurs with an entrepreneurial mindset who are not afraid of innovation. The specifics of both regions were mentioned. The conference was organized within the project Entrepreneurial Competencies on Czech-Bavarian Labor Market, Reg. No. 34.

✚ Committees

prof. Dr. Sean Patrick Sassmannshausen

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (DE)

Mgr. Zdeněk Caha, MBA, Ph.D.

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

prof. Ing. Zuzana Dvořáková, CSc.

University of Economics, Prague (CZ)

prof. Ing. Tomáš Klieštik, PhD.

University of Žilina (SK)

prof. Ing. Peter Markovič, PhD.

University of Economics in Bratislava (SK)

prof. Ing. Jan Váchal, CSc.

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

assoc. prof. Ing. Marek Vochozka, MBA, Ph.D.

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Dr. Xenia Justus

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (DE)

Ing. Zuzana Rowland, MBA

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Ing. Iveta Kmecová, PhD.

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice (CZ)

Johann F. Faltermeier, MBA

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (DE)

✚ Proceedings

Entrepreneurship & Intrapreneurship:Same or Different?

Regensburg, Germany, 4 and 5 April 2019
J. F. Faltermeier a X. Justus (Eds.)
ISBN 978-3-942303-86-6

Scaling, Accelerating and Coordinating the creating of New Business:A blind spot for the Stakeholders View?!

Arjen Verhoeff

guest professor at the start-up center of OTH Regensburg, independent researcher, Senior Policy Advisor and Research Coordinator at employers' association AWVN in the Netherlands

Abstract

Creative destruction assumes existing firms are driven out by start-ups. In the past decade, more established firms have set out a strategy of disruptive renewal of their existing business model, based on digital technology. These established firms are faced with an innovator’s dilemma: they rely on existing customers and current financial resources but cannot fully adopt a disruptive business model yet given a low profit margin, and a small market. While accelerating, the scale-up of new business runs the risk to overlook a blind spot: the role of stakeholders. Integrating a start-up into an established firm in a classical, task-oriented approach usually comprises standardization, centralized planning, mutual alignment or deconcentrated staging. If the transitional space is viewed from a stakeholder perspective, coordination may improve effectivity, generate new options, or reveal latent conflicting interests. A framework is offered for optimizing the corporate strategic fit of new business. The framework distinguishes between various modes of coordination based on tasks and interests of stakeholders. To conclude, the role of stakeholders in scale-up and acceleration of new business appears to be essential but is still too unknown in practice and entrepreneurial theory.

Keywords: Innovators dilemma, Scale-up, Stakeholders, Framework for Coordination

Support of entrepreneurial competencies: Diagnostics of business plans

Johann Fabian Faltermeier, MBA

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Universität Regensburg

Abstract

The need for innovative thinking and independent employees and entrepreneurs is growing in the global, ever-changing economy (cf. BMWi, 2017; Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, 2017; Metzger, 2018). At the same time, business research often focuses on the intention to establish a company, while research on business plans is somewhat neglected (see Bergmann & Golla, 2016; Hack, Rettberg & Witt, 2008).

Entrepreneurial intentions are expressed with the intention of establishing a company (Entrepreneurship) or striving for quasi-independent cooperation supporting innovation within an existing company (Intrapreneurship). A direct comparison of both types has not yet been sufficiently researched in scientific work, especially with regard to relevant business skills and knowledge. Rather, these empirical types are assumed to have the same statistical properties (cf. Brüderl, Preisendörfer & Ziegler, 1998; Müller, 2013).
Literature analysis and an extensive study of business plans provide the basis for targeted, group-specific, and differentiated, skills-based support for potential Entre- and Intrapreneurs. Among other things, the group comparison shows that the motivation to perform and the belief in internal control do not differ significantly between the target groups and are, as expected, very strong. Statistically significant differences were found, for example, in willingness to take risks, and in business knowledge. Those interested in starting a business achieve higher values than potential Intrapreneurs. The proposed research model also provides the preconditions for subsequent measurement, which means that the success of entrepreneurship or education within entrepreneurship can be assessed even better. Detailed results of the study with implications for research, teaching, and practice are planned to be published in 2020 as part of the author's dissertation on "Diagnosis of business plans to support entrepreneurial competencies in the field of Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship."

Keywords: business plans, entrepreneurial competencies, Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship

Stakeholder-oriented Entrepreneurship education at Technical University of Ingolstadt

Stefanie Wrobel

Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt

Abstract

Business and politics see innovative start-ups as the engine of growth and competition. On the one hand, large companies with a long tradition are looking for these innovative start-ups; on the other hand, they also strive for flexibility and adaptability in their own organization to be able to survive in a time of dynamic change. Entrepreneurship is also increasingly becoming a strategic topic at universities, with the specific aim of promoting founders and start-ups, and also producing well-trained business graduates. This raises the question of how entrepreneurship education at universities should be organized to suit the demands and ideas of students, business and politics, and also organized considering the fact that not everyone was "born as a founder", or that it often takes several years from the studies to the establishment. Entrepreneurship education at the Ingolstadt Technical University focuses on the needs of various stakeholders and offers specific formats for both founders and Intrapreneurs).

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, Entrepreneurship education, raising awareness, activation, business thinking, support in establishing a company

“5-Euro-Business” – practice competition on topic of Starting business as example of students´ entrepreneurship education

Jutta Gügel

Universität Regensburg

Abstract

The contribution presents a Bavarian project with a title “5-Euro-Business“, a practice competition on the topic of Starting a business. The competition has been organised every semester since 1999 at several Bavarian universities in the cooperation with a relevant university in the area of Entrepreneurship and with the business group Bildungswerk der Bayerischen Wirtschaft e. V. The purpose of “5-Euro-Business“ is to motivate students at an early stage to deal with the topic of starting a business in practice and to seek a perspective of independence. The competition represents a contribution to entrepreneurship education at universities and to foster entrepreneurial thinking of students. The main sponsors of the project are Bavarian Metal and Electrical Employers' Associations bayme and vbm.

Keywords: 5-Euro-Business, entrepreneurial thinking, entrepreneurship education, starting a business, entrepreneurial spirit, practice competition, qualifications, key qualifications, independence, awareness, entrepreneurship.

Business Environment in Czech Economy 2008-2010: Barriers of Innovation Activities

Marek Vokoun

Institute of Technology and Business in Česke Budějovice

Abstract

This paper analyses the business environment and its relationship with new-to-the-market innovation activities and the size of enterprises. Data from Czech Community Innovation Survey were used to analyse the sample of innovators and non-innovators (3545 observations) in 2008 and small (<20 employees) and larger companies (> 19 employees) in 2008 and 2010 panel (11751 observations). Goodness-of-fit test analysed differences between the group of enterprises and the perceived influence of factors of the business environment. These factors were innovation barriers: Lack of internal finances, external finances, qualified personnel, information about new technologies, difficulties finding cooperation partner, a market dominated by incumbents, and uncertain demand for innovated goods and services. The differences in the impact of business environment factors on different business segments were statistically significant.

Keywords: economic crisis, innovation process, external factors, internal factors, innovator.

Educational process at VŠTE aimed at developing skills within study programme Economics and Management

Iveta Kmecová, Zdeněk Caha

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice

Abstract

This contribution deals with the approach to education based on the development of competencies at the Institute of Technology and Business (VŠTE) in České Budějovice. The introduction explains the necessity of encouraging entrepreneurial thinking and acting in the university context. The process of education should lead to the acquisition of key technical and methodological skills and practice oriented knowledge and competencies. It also emphasizes the role of teachers when encouraging entrepreneurial thinking and entrepreneurship. The first part deals with the description of competencies and entrepreneurial competencies from the theoretical point of view. The following part describes selected subjects and didactic methods significantly contributing to the development of entrepreneurial competencies. The objective is to show special features of the educational process at VŠTE with a focus on the development of entrepreneurial competencies. At this point, the importance of innovating study programmes and the need for deep analysis of existing study programmes is pointed out. This is implemented with respect of the adequate focus of teaching and necessary fostering entrepreneurial spirit of students. In the last part, the authors thank to OTH Regensburg, the partner university in the joint project “Entrepreneurial competencies at Czech-Bavarian labour market”. The experience gained within this project represent a significant enrichment of VŠTE.

Keywords: competencies, entrepreneurial competencies, encouraging company spirit, innovation, educational process

Digital entrepreneurship education – cooperation project Grow4Digital in Danube-Naab-Regen

Sean Patrick Saßmannshausen, Wolfgang Voigt and German Alexander Ojeda Moreno

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg

Abstract

The structural change resulting from digitization brings new challenges to cope with both globally and regionally. Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship represent an innovative way to move on. In the framework of a joint project Grow4Digital, new study programmes in the area of digital entrepreneurship are created for full-time and part-time Bachelor and Master students at four eastern Bavarian universities (Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden, Universität Regensburg, and Techni- sche Hochschule Deggendorf). After establishing the cooperation among the universities, stakeholders in the region can be reached through offering a wide range of fields of study. The participating partner universities would not be able to ensure the offered programmes independently. Therefore, the universities have adapted to the future university qualifications in order to be able to meet the requirements of the economy and changing society.

Keywords: Digital Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur, Intrapreneur, Start-up qualifications, basic awareness, start-up support, innovation, Grow4Digital, university, Master´s programme, certificate, digitization, Bavaria.

Motivational aspects in entrepreneurship

Xenia Justus

Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg

Abstract

Deliberate human behaviour is determined by various motivational aspects. Motivational constructs, especially intrinsic motivational orientation, is often neglected in entrepreneurial research and entrepreneurship, although it may significantly contribute to the clarification of entrepreneurial thinking and behaviour. In this context, the contribution examines how entrepreneurial independence can be explained using motivational psychological constructs. In this respect, starting a business is first described in detail in terms of the Rubicon model of action phases (Heckhausen, 1977; Rheinberg, 2008). The role of motivation and psychological needs (Deci & Ryan, 1993) is discussed in detail both in theory and in the case of starting a business. Finally, the possibilities of motivational support at university institutions with the focus on entrepreneurship are outlined.

Keywords: entrepreneurship, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, experience with independence and competency, social inclusion, entrepreneurial thinking and behaviour.

Influence of internal operational factors on company competitiveness

Lukáš Polanecký

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice

Abstract

The objective of this contribution is to develop a process for the evaluation of internal factors in order to use it for the analysis in various companies. The contribution analyses relevant information from professional literature in order to create a possible background for applicable methodology. Using the selected methods, a number of operational analyses are carried out. Finally, the objectives and strategy should be formulated as management recommendations. The purpose of this contribution is to create a methodology concept that defines the design and evaluation of the internal factors of a given company to propose a concept of competitive advantage with the aim to determine the company competitiveness. This contribution also aims to determine the company´s impact on the operational activities and internal factors, as well as the influence of internal operational factors on the company´s competitiveness and the influence of strategic operational analysis on further development and improving the performance.

Keywords: internal factors, competitiveness, strategic analysis, fluctuation, efficiency, working environment

Superfood to beat hunger and malnutrition

Iris Bleisteiner, Sophie Allgöwer

Public Relations, Regensburg

Abstract

Thriving Green e.V. has been fighting hunger and malnutrition by a recognized conception in two locations in Kenya. As many places of the world cannot employ conventional agricultural methods due to extreme climatic conditions, cultivating Algae Spirulina gives the locals a chance to supply food. The principle of ‘helping people to help themselves’ points out successfully cultivating Algae Spirulina as a way of efficient agriculture. Farmers raising Algae Spirulina should be able to provide Superfood Spirulina to themselves, their families and the entire village and earn sufficient income through economic viability and modern technologies.

Keywords: development aid, social start-up, non-profit organization, Spirulina, algae

Working as fast as Startups,co-pace: The Startup Organization of Continental – Covering Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship Activities

Christian Beuther¹ and Vesta Dombrowsky²

¹Startup co-operation program, co-pace GmbH, Regensburg (née Senger), B Sc., /Germany, ² Innovation Management & co-pace Incubation, Continental Automotive GmbH, Regensburg

E-Mail: vesta.dombrowsky@continental-corporation.com

Abstract

Continental established a start-up program and created co-pace as the startup-organization in 2017. The overall program contains three main activity blocks: Incubation, Co-operation and Corporate Venture Capital.
After the first incubation batch in 2017, we are continuing our incubation activities with 3 more batches during 2018 and beginning of 2019. The incubator addresses internal Continental employees, who – after being selected in the final round – work on their business concept in a team, outside of Continental structures and daily business in a startup-like environment. They are working independently on developing their concept into a prototype with a solid business model, competitor analysis and ideally arriving at a mvp¹ with customer focused perspective. Thus being able to gather customer feedback and plan the next steps to show the business potential of their ideas and concepts.
In parallel we set up the co-operation program, later in 2017, working actively from beginning of 2018 on. This program is all around Proof-of-Concept projects (PoC’s). We scout startups addressing new technologies or business models and match them to Continental’s needs. We are prepared to do that fast, structured and cost-efficient in relevant use-cases.
To complete the startup program we added the financial element by setting up an investment arm, CVC2, under the organizational roof of Continental. It aims to successfully invest in startups or related funds and is a potential investor for startups that have already worked with us and Continental via PoCs. ¹ mvp: minimum viable product

Keywords: co-pace, Continental, startup, intrapreneur, intrapreneurship, entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, incubator, incubation, cooperation, collaboration, Proof-of-concept, PoC, CVC, Venture Capital, venturing, innovation, investment.

Problems of current labour market in Czech Republic

František Stellner

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice

Abstract

The research is based on the historical context of the employment development in the Czech Republic, and on the analysis of the start of economic transformation. It presents the result of the institutional analysis based on the enquiry of offices, employment agencies and other entities assisting within the labour market. In terms of quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was found out that there were still differences with regards to the effectiveness of the instruments of the active employment policies and the passive employment policies regarding the rate of unemployment; both on the Czech agrarian market and between the regions. The main employed methods were a questionnaire, time series regression and historical analysis of sources.

Keywords: labour market, employment rate, employment policies, Czech Republic

Full version of conference proceedings in the original language.

✚ Programme